江浙沪招生考试网

ll get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”

67.   The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ________.

[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments

[B] science advances when fruitful researches are conducted

[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research

[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research

68.   The author asserts that scientists ________.

[A] shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought

[B] shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things

[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals

[D] should be confident about their research findings

69.   It seems that some young scientists ________.

[A] have a keen interest in prediction

[B] often speculate on the future

[C] think highly of creative thinking

[D] stick to “scientific method”

70.   The author implies that the results of scientific research ________.

[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected

[B] can be measured in dollars and cents

[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern

[D] are mostly underestimated by management

Section IV: English-Chinese Translation

Directions:

Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.

72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 73) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 74) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.” Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.

75) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

Section V: Writing

76.   Directions:

[A] Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.

[B] Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

[C] Your essay should cover these three points:

l. effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife

2. possible reason for the effect

3. your suggestion for wildlife protection

THE UPS AND DOWNS OF POPULATION GROWTH

 

 

1999年参考答案

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)

Part A (5 points)

1.    [D]  2.    [B]   3.    [A]  4.    [C]  5.    [A]

6.    [D]  7.    [B]   8.    [D]  9.    [C]  10.   [A]

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