江浙沪招生考试网

）修饰，润色，装点，如to put the finishing ~es to the report（给报告做最后的润色）。

(7)flat-packed平整包装的，即，购买者需要自己组装产品。

 

全文翻译

风向标（固定在建筑物顶端用来指示风向的设备）的制作是一门古老的工艺，可以追溯到古埃及时代。如今这项工艺在格雷汉姆·史密斯建立的工作室里依然散发着生机。他是这个国家里仅有的几个从事手工制作风向标的人之一。格雷汉姆的设计是为个人制作的，他按照顾客的具体要求量身订做。“这样我就能生产出独特的个性化的产品”，他解释说，“我的许多顾客都是女性，她们在为丈夫买礼物。她们想要能代表男人事业或业余兴趣的特制的礼物。”

它们与风向标最普通的设计，即传统公鸡形状的风向标相差甚远。

格雷汉姆做的第一个风向标不是公鸡形状的，而是一个在长柄扫帚上的女巫。朋友们都羡慕他这份给妻子带来惊喜的礼物，开始纷纷要求为他们也制作风向标。他说，“我意识到当涉及用风向标可以表现的题材时，其可能性是无穷无尽的。”

格雷汉姆决定把精力投入到风向标生意上。他曾经当过精密度工程师学徒，并在这个行业中工作了15年，然后他和妻子同意交换一下角色——妻子外出工作，当助理建筑工程师，而丈夫留在家中照顾孩子并建立自己的事业。[B]

那是五年前的事了，格雷汉姆对自己选择的新方向没有后悔。他说，“我以前的工作没有任何艺术性，而现在这种工作充满了刺激与创造性，我真的喜欢设计。”

格雷汉姆现在已经完善了100多个原创设计。他精工细作，总是在动手制作前先让顾客对轮廓的设计满意。[F]

格雷汉姆也保留了很多传统设计，因为它们被证实与偶然的创造一样受欢迎。他说，“看上去人们对手工制作很感兴趣，他们想有机会获得一些与众不同的东西”。

格雷汉姆没有扩展（工作室）规模的计划，因为他想把它保持为一种乡村手工艺。[E]

他说，“我已经在市场上占有了一席之地。人们喜爱个性化的东西，而当我看到一个没有任何特色的形状变得栩栩如生时，感到非常满足。”

他解释到，“几个世纪以来，风向标发送引起天气变化的风向转变的信号，从而使人类社会与天气保持联系。”[D]

“然而现在，随着越来越多的人迁入乡村，很多人想给自己的财产做最后的独特的修饰。这促进了我这样的手工艺的发展。”

格雷汉姆越来越忙，忙着给世界各地的顾客供应平整包装的风向标。[A]

美国和丹麦顾客特别感兴趣。他解释说，“价格的制定取决于设计的复杂性。”他最近的定单是一只卷毛狗。无论什么情况下，格雷汉姆都可以制作出与众不同的礼物。

 

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

 

The value which society places on work has traditionally been closely associated with the value of individualism and as a result it has had negative effects on the development of social security. (46） It has meant that in the first place the amount of benefits must be small lest people’s willingness to work and support themselves suffers. Even today with flat rate and earnings-related benefits, the total amount of the benefit must always be smaller than the person’s wages for fear of malingering. “The purpose of social security,” said Huntford referring to Sweden’s comparatively generous benefits, “is to dispel need without crossing the threshold of prosperity.” Second, social security benefits are granted under conditions designed to reduce the likelihood of even the boldest of spirits attempting to live on the State rather than work. Many of the rules surrounding the payment of unemployment or supplementary benefit are for this purpose. Third, the value placed on work is manifested in a more positive way as in the case of disability. (47） People suffering from accidents incurred at work or from occupational diseases receive preferential treatment by the social security service compared with those suffering from civil accidents and ordinary illnesses.

Yet, the stranglehold which work has had on the social security service has been increasingly loosened over the years. The provision of family allowances, family income supplements, the slight liberalization of the wages stop are some of the manifestations of this trend. (48） Similarly, the preferential treatment given to occupational disability by the social security service has been increasingly questioned with the demands for the upgrading of benefits for the other types of disability. It is felt that in contemporary industrial societies the distinction between occupational and non-occupational disability is artificial for many non-occupational forms of disability have an industrial origin even if they do not occur directly in the wor

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